Method and apparatus for recovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit



9 Sheets-Sheet l Aug- 20, 194()- L. A. FRY

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE CONSTITUENTS FROM CKITRUSFRUIT Fild Jan. 2, 1957 Allg; 20, 1940. X 1 A, FRY l 2,212,066

METHOD AND APPARATUS FR RECOVERING VALUABLE-CONSTITUENTS FROM CTRUSFRUIT Fled'Jan. 2, 1957 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 TTPNE'K Aug. 2o, w40. l.. A.FRY y 2,212,066

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE CONSTITUENTS FROM CITRUSFRUIT Filed Jan. 2. 1937 9 Sheets-Shet 3 l Aug. 20, 1940- L. A. FRY

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE CONSTI'IUE'NTS/` FROMCITRUS FRUI'T 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. `2. 19:57

' angl/envy I Arme/w51(v L. A. FRY

Aug.A 2o, 1940.

METHOD AND APAnA'rus Foa REcovERING VALUABLECONSTITUENTS FROM CITRUSFRUIT Filed Jan. 2, 1937 9 Sheets-Sheet 5 //V l/ EN T01@ wlfenae y: zr

' ATToQ/VEL/ l Allg. 20, 1940. 4 L A, FRY I i 2,212,066

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE CONSTITUENTS FROM CITRUSFRUIT Arm/vm( Aug.2o,194o. l L A, FRY .2,212,066`

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERING VALUABLE yCONSTITUENTS fFROM CITRUSFRUIT4 /Nl/E/V T01@ amaca Trae/Viv Allg. 20, 1940. L, A, FRY l 2,212,066METHOD AND APPARATUS Fon nEcovEING VALUABLE CQNSYTITUENTSPFROMGITRUSFRUIT Fiied Jan.' 2,1937 J -9 sheets-sheet 9 f una'oaaaDGOOQQQQOQQPatented Aug`.2o,194o Y .UNITED STATES METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVER-ING vALUABLE ooNs'rrrUEN'rs FROM orrmis FRUITV Lawrence A. Fry, LosAngeles, Calif., assigner to Bireleys Incorporated, Los Angeles, Calif.,a corporation of California f Application January 2, 1937, Serial No.118,997

"zo claims. (ci. 14s-s) This invention relates to a process and anapparatus for recovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit, suchas oranges, grape fruit, lemons,

tangerines, limes and the like, and when throughstance the juice'orcombined juice and pulp from oranges and grape fruit is healthful anddelicious as a drink if unmixed with the oils contained in the rind ofthe fruit. These oils in an isolated state are valuable for producingflavor extracts,

and the oil bearing rind is commionly marketed in the form of candiedrind. It is also employed in the manufacture of marmalade. The whiteliningadjacent the outer oil bearing rind contains pectin which isemployed in jellifying juices.

There are numerous-machines for recovering the juice and pulp fromcitrus fruit. However, these machines provide a series of reamers forremoving the juice bearing pulp, and the capacity of said machines islimitedby the number of reamers employed. There are also machines -whichremove the outer oil bearing rind from the fruit prior to squeezing the`same for extracting the juice, the purpose being to prevent thecontamination of the juice by the rind oils. The capacity of thesemachines is also limited by the number of devices employed for holdingthe fruit as it is being acted upon.

It is an object ofthe present invention to provide an apparatus forvrecovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit, in which sections offruit are moved continuously in a given path as the operations forderiving the constituents are performed thereon.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus ofthecharacter referred to in which the sections of fruit are movedcontinuous ly in a given path by contact with its outer oil bearingrind.

It is a furtherobject of the invention to provide an apparatus of thecharacter referred to in which the sections of fruit are movedcontinuously in anarcuate path as the operations are performed thereonfor deriving the constituents.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus of thecharacterreferred to in which the sections of fruit are conveyed througha tapered passage and gradually compressed, whereby to extract the juicetherefrom.

Another object of the invention is the provis1on of an apparatus of thecharacter described in which the sections of fruit are fed into atapered passage and moved therethrough by con- I tact with its oilbearing rind, whereby to gradually compress the fruit during the courseof its movement.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus forrecovering valuable constituents fromcitrus fruit in which sections ofthe Yfruit are moved over a grid structure by contact with the oilbearing rind thereof and the juicev bearing pulp of said `fruit forcedinto said grid structure and severed from the rind.

Another object of the invention is the provision of means for separatingthe inner pectin bearing lining of the vfruit from the outer oil bearingrind.

A further object of the invention resides in the method of accomplishingthis separation which consists of impressing the pectin bearing liningof the fruit into a grooved surface, and severing the oil bearing rindextending above the Surface from the embedded material. y

It is'a further object of the invention to provide an apparatus forrecovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit, in which the fruitis severed into sections and fed between a revolu- .ble drum and anothermember positioned in convergent spaced relation to the periphery of saiddrum, said sections of fruit' being conveyed over said converging memberby the engagement of its oil bearing rind with the drum, whereby to lgradually comtpress the fruit during its movement. 1

It is still another object of the invention to provide an apparatus forrecovering vialuabele constituents from citrus fruit in which the fruitis severed into sections which are fed between a revoluble drum and agrid structure arranged in convergent spaced relation with the peripheryof the drum, said fruit being` conveyed over said grid by the engagementof its oil bearing rind with said drum, wherebyto force the juicebearing pulp of the fruit into the grid structure.

It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus of thecharacter referred to in which the grid structure is adjustable with re-Y spect to the revoluble drum.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus ofthe character referred toin which the fruit is moved over a severingmechanism which removes the juice bearing pulp extending into the` gridstructure' from the pectin bearing lining.

of an apparatus of the character referredto in which the oil liberatedfrom the oil bearing rind during the pulp exposing and severingoperations is sealed between the oil bearing rind and the conveyingmember against which it bears, whereby to restrain said oil from juiceand pulp.

Another object of the invention is the provision contaminating the `ofan apparatus for recovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit inwhich sections of the fruit are fed between a pair of revoluble rollersand conveyed over a, pressure applying member by the engagement of itsoil bearing rind with one of said rollers, said pressure applying memberbeing curved and disposed in convergent spaced relation to the peripheryof the conveying drum, whereby to eifect a compression of the fruitduring the course of its movement.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus ofthe character referred to in which means is provided on one of therevoluble drums for ensuring the movement of the fruit onto the pressureapplying member with its severed surface adjacent the same.

Another object of the invention is 'to provide f an apparatus of thecharacter referred to in which the space between the revoluble rollersfor receiving the fruit may be varied for accommodating fruit ofdifferent sizes.

Still another object of the invention is the provision of an apparatusof the nature described in which means is provided for severing thefruit into halves and directing the severed sections between therevoluble rollers so that the oil vbearing rind portion of the fruit isengaged bythe.

. conveying drum. i'

Another object of the invention resides in amethod of recovering the-juice' and pulp from citrus fruit which consists of dividing the fruitinto sections, of compressing the Juice bearing puip or uiefruit into agrid structure, and or subjecting the embedded pulp to the action of asevering device.

`A further object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus forrecovering valuable constituents from citrus fruit, which may be easilycleaned and in a minimum period of time.

Another object of the invention isto provide an apparatus for recoveringvaluable constituents from citrus fruit, which will accommodate morefruit per unit of tiine and effect a more perfect separation of theconstituents than machin heretofore devised.

A stm further object of ine mvenuon'is the' provision of 'an apparatusof the character referred to in which the various' component parts ofthe citrus fruit are derived with a minimumof waste and without con onepart vwith another.

This invention tages and hasvother objects which' will be made moreeasily apparent from a consideration of the embodiments thereof shown inthe accompanying drawings and forming partof the present specification.I shall now. proceed to describe these forms in detail which illustratethe. general principles -of my invention; but it should be understoodthat this description is nono be taken in a limiting sense, since thescope of my invention is'A best defined in the appended claims.

' In the Figure 1 is an elevational view showing one side of my improvedapparatus for recovering the valuable constituents from citrus fruit andthe like.

- 'many otherv advan- Another object of the invention is the provisionFigure 2 is a front elevation of the apparatus with the lower portion ofthe supporting struc ture being shown broken away.

Figure 3 is an elevation of the opposite side of the apparatus from thatshown in Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a top plan view,` showing portions broken away forclarifying certain structures.

v Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken as indicated by line 5--5of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is an enlarged sectional view taken as indicated by line 6-6 ofFigure4.

Figure '7 is anenlarged vertical sectional view through the upperrportion of the apparatus,` taken as indicated by line 1-1 of Figure 4.

.Figure 8 is a fragmentary sectional viewshowing a modified form of myinvention.

Figure 9 is 'a horizontal sectional view taken as indicated by line 9--9of Figure '7, the front drum being removed and certain portions beingbroken away for the purpose of clarification.

Figure 20 is a sectional view taken as indicated by line 2li-20 ofFigure 19.

In the form of my apparatus which will first be described, the fruit issevered into halves which are directed between a pair of revoluble yrollers or drums and initially compressed. The

fruit is then directed onto a grid structure with its severed surfacesfacing the same, and is conveyed over the gridstructure by contact ofits oil bearing rind with one of the revoluble drums. The gridstructureis curved to conform substantially to the peripheral contour of theconveying drum, and is convergently spaced therefrom so that the fruitis gradually compressed and its juice bearing pulp forced into the gridstructure. The embedded juice bearing pulp is subjected to the action ofa severing device and is thereby lremoved from the inner pectin bearinglining 'of the fruit.4 The combined inner pectin bearing lining togetherwith the outer oil bearing rind is then transferred .onto a separatingdevice whichl effects a separation of the inner pectin bearing liningand the outer oil bearing rind.

. In this form of my invention the fruit is moved continuously in anarcuate pati as the operations are performed thereon. The compressionaction upon the fruit during its movement over the grid structure causesthe liberation o`f oil from the outer oil bearing rind. 'I'he tightengagement of .th rind with the contacting surface .of the revolubleconveying drum serves to sealthe oil and prevent it from enteringf thejuice and pul derived from the-fruit. sealing action con stitutesasalient feature o'f the invention.- Uponf disengagement of the rind fromthe revoluble '4 conveying drum, the liberated oil adheres to thesurface of the conveying drum and is carried to a 'peint where itis'removed for uses which are'- wellilrnown.

The mechanism provided for deriving the various constituents from the.fruit vis supported between a pair of spaced supporting pedestals il.'

and Il. The fruit may be fed into the apparatus by any suitableconveying means. For instance,

in Figures 1, 3, and 7, I "have shown troughs, I3 through which thefruit is fed by gravity into engagement with a pair of rotary serratedknives I4, which sever the fruit into halves prior to its entrancebetween the revoluble drums I5 and I6.

y The knives are held between a pairof clamping members ,I1 and I8 as byscrews I8, (Figures 2, 4, and 7), and the assemblies are fixedly mountedvon a revoluble shaft as by the aid of set screws V of these bearingstructures and the means for mounting the same upon the supportingpedestals are similar, only one is shown in detail. The housings 22contain adjustable eccentric members 25, embodying bushings 26, whichprovide bearings for the shaft 2li. Operating handles 21 are clampedonto the eccentric members 25 for effecting an adjustment thereof as byrotating the same with respect to the bearingvhousings 22. It will beobvious how the shaft 20 with its accompanying knives I4 may readily beadjusted toward and away from the front drum I5 through the rotaryadjustment of the eccentric members 25. The eccentric members may beretained in various positions of adjustment by thumb screws 28, whichare threaded through the bearing housings 22, and are provided withreduced ends adapted for entrance into radially disposed openings 29provided in the eccentric members 25. One end of the shaft 20 extendsthrough its bearingsupport into a housing 30 provided by the supportingpedestal III and carries a sprocket 3I. This sprocket 3l is driven froma sprocket 32, `carried on the supporting shaft of the rear drum I6,through the chain 33. The various members for driving the rotary knivesI4 are -enclosed in the housing 38, and a removable closure plate 34 -isprovided for rendering the members accessible from the exterior of thesupporting pedestal I Il.' The rotary knives I4 are shielded by guards35, which are mounted on a supporting bar 36 by U-bolts 31.Thesupporting bar is secured to the anges 23 of the bearing housings 22by the screws 24, which also serve to secure the bearing housings 22 tothe bearing pedestals IIl and I I, all of which is shown clearest inFigure 2.

Upon being severed by the rotary knives I4,

the halved fruit isdirected between therotary drums I5 and I6 to a pointsomewhatabove that position where the drums are nearest together. Theyare secured to members 39 by screws 40, and the members 39 are in turnadjustably mounted on a rod 4I, which also serves as a brace between thesupporting pedestals I0 and II. Set screws 42 serve to secure themembers 3,9 in place on the rod 4I.

The diagrammatic Figures 12 and 13 illustrate the fruit in the processof being severed into halves and guided between the revoluble drums I5and I6. After being severed by the rotary knives I4, the 4halved fruitis carried downwardly by the engagement of the revoluble drum I5 withits oil bearing rind. During the downward movement of the fruit theguide members 38 act upon the same toturn its severed surfaces towardthe rear drum I6. The positions assumed by the halved fruit during itsmovement between the rotary drums I5 and I6 is illustrated in thediagrammatic view Figure 13. A series of pins 43- are arrangedaround theperiphery of the front drum I5 opposite the downwardly extendingportions of the guide members 38. The engagement of these pins with theoil bearing rind facilitates in conveying the vfruit between therevoluble drums as the guide members 38 act upon the fruit to direct itssevered surfaces toward the rear drum I6. l

The forward or leading edges of the fruit have a tendency to turnupwardly upon leaving the guide members 38, which is objectionable forreasons which will hereinafter be apparent. This undesirableeiect isobviated by rotating the rear drum I6 faster than the forward drum I5.Furthermore, a row of spikes 44 is provided around the periphery of thedrum I6 opposite each series of pins 43 carried on the drum I5. Thesespikes strike the forward edges of the fruit forcing the same downwardlyinto proper position for entrance between the revoluble drums, as shownclearest in Figure 13. Furthermore, the spikes 44 slit the forward edgesof the fruit, thereby preventing the leading edges of the fruit fromturning under during the initial compressing operation between therevoluble drums. L,

The drums I5 and I6 are flxedly mounted on shafts 45 and 46respectively, which are supported in bearing structures 41 and 48mounted on the supporting pedestals I0 and II. `'I'he bearing structures48 for supporting the rear drum shaft 46 include bearing housings 49,having exterior 4annular flanges 50 by which the bearing structures aresecured to the supporting pedestals through the screws 5I. Figures 5 and9 show the interior construction of the bearing structures 48, which aresimilar to the bearing structures 41 not shownin detail. One end of -thebearing housings 49 enters openings 52 provided in the supportingpedestals Ill and I I. Adjustable eccentric members 53 are contained inthe bearing housings 49 and carry bushings 54 which provide bearings forthe ends of the drum shaft 46. The eccentric members are provided at oneend with annularcutwardly extending flanges 55, which bear against thoseends of the bearing housings extending into the openings 52 in 48 andare shouldered to receive split clamping rings 56 formed on theoperating handles 51. The clamping'rings 56 are secured in clampedrelation on the eccentric members 53 as by the bolts 53. The eccentricmembers 53 are shown in their mean position (Figure 5), and it will beobvious how the shaft 46 together with the drum I6 may be adjustedtoward or away from the front drum I5 by rotating the eccentric members53 in opposite directions through the operating handles 51. The purposeof adjustably supporting the rear drumv I6 with respect to the frontdrum I5 is to make possible the accommodation of fruit ofrdiiferentsizes between thel revoluble drums, and it will be obvious-howthisadjustment may be accomplished without in any way posed-openingsV 58provided in the eccentric mem-- bers 59.

O ne end of the shaft 45 extends through its bearing support into thehousing provided, in f the supporting pedestal I0, and carries thesprocket`93 which is splined thereto by a key 8l. The knife shaft 28carries the sprocket 8i Figures 1 and 4), and is driven from the shaft45 through the chain 99 interconnecting the sprockets 3i and 39, all ofwhich has heretofore lbeen described. The opposite end of the vdrumshaft extends through its bearing support into a housing 52 provided inthe supporting pedestal II, and carries a sprocket 89 which is splinedto the shaft end by a key 84 (Figures 3 and 9). The sprocket 58 formspart of a common driving arrangement which will hereinafter be fullydescribed- Figures 7 and 9 best show the construction of the rear drumI5, which includes a cylinder 65 supported between' a pair of endmembers 95 and 81. A number of supporting rings 89 are provided withinthe cylinder 95 for strengthening the same, and said rings may be weldedor otherwise suitably secured to the inner surface 1- of the cylinder.The end members 95 and 51 are secured'to two of these supporting vringsas by screws 68', which extend through the drum ends and are threadedinto the rings as shown clearest in Figure9. Said en d members serve tosup portthe drum I6 on the shaft 45. They are provided with central hubs$9 through which the shaft 48 extends, and said hubs are splined to theshaft as bythe keys 19. A liner 1I is pro- -vided on the outer peripheryof the cylinder vand is formed of material which is not appreciablyaffected by the acids common to citrus fruit. The spikes 44 are providedwith shank portions which extend through the liner 1I and cylinder ofthe drum I5 as shownin Figure 9. The spikes are arranged in spaced rowsaround the periphery of the drum I5 and the pointed ends extending fromthe dnlm, act uponthe fruit in a manner heretofore clearly de scribed. Af

The construction of the front drum I5 is best illustrated in Figures 7.and 11. It comprises cylindrical end sections 12 and 19, a cylin dricalcenter section 14, and ends 15 and 15 between which said sections areclamped as by the tie rods 11, which carry nuts .19 on their threadedThe drum ends 15 and 18 together interior of the central cylindricalsection 14 and u drum sections n, u, and u are provided it is connectedto the hub by a plurality-of 'spokes 94. The adjacent ends of thecylindri` part of a common driving arrangement hereinare beveled to forma pair of v-shaped grooves 86 around the periphery of the drum. 'Iheadjacent iianged ends of the drum sections are provided with annular,axially extending. interfltting flanges 81 by which they are slightlysep- 6 arated to form the annular grooves 88 at the bottom of theV-shaped'grooves 86. The 4grooves 98 are disposed opposite the rotarysevering knives I4, which are adapted to `enter the same during theoperation of the machine. The ro tary knives may be adjusted withrespect to the annular grooves 59 through the adjustment of theeccentric .bearing structures within which the ends of the knife shaft20 are supported, in a manner heretofore described. The V-shapedgroove's 85 are adapted to receive the fruit and `guide the same intoengagement with the rotary knives I4. They also serve to restrain thesevered halves of the fruit from falling outwardly prior to theirengagement with the guide members 38.

The shaft 45 for supporting the front drum I5 is journaled' in thebearing structures /41 heretofore referred to. These bearing structuresare similar to the bearing structures 48 which 25 support the shaft 45.They comprise outer housings 89 provided with flanges 90 by which saidhousings are secured to the supporting pedestals I0 and Il as by thescrews 9I. The bearing housings 99 contain eccentric sleeves 92 Withinwhich the ends of the shaft 45 are revolubly supported. These eccentricsleeves are similar to those shown in connection with the bearingstructures 48, and may be similarly adjusted as by the operating handles93, for adjusting the drum I5 with respect to a device for separatingthe pectin bearing material of the fruit from the oil bearing rind, allof which will hereinafter be fully described. 'I'he eccentric sleeves 92may be secured in rvarious positions of adjustment by thumb screws 95(Figure 4). These screws are threaded through the housings 89 andIengage openings in the'eccentric sleeves 92, all of which is not shownin detail, since the construction is similar to that shown in connection with the bearing structures 48 (Figure 9). One end of the shaft 45extends through its bearing support 41 into the housing 62 provided inthe supporting pedestal II, and carries a sprocket 95 (Figure 3). Saidsprocket formsafter described.` l j After the sections of fruit havebeen initially compressed between the rotary drums I5 and I5, .they aredeflected fromengagement with the rear drum I5 by a deector D. Theengage-- ment of the front drum I5 with the oil bearing rind carries thefruit downwardly over a. grid structure G. The grid structure conformssubstantially to the peripheral contour of the front drum I5, but isoonvergently spaced relative thereto. Accordingly, the juice bearingpulp of the fruit is forcedinto the grid structure as the fruit isgradually compressed .between the grid structure and the drum. I5 duringits downward movement therebetween. --The exposed juice bearing pulp issubjected to the action of a pulp severing device generally designatedP, which causes a removal of the juice bearing pulp from the rind of thefruit. 7 The defiector D, grid structure G, and pulp severing device Pare all supported between a pair of supporting arms |59 and III. Theupper ends of the supporting arms Ill and I9I are pivotally supported onthe eccentricl members 53 of the bearing structures 48. The upper endsVof said arms and IOI are constructed to partially surround theeccentric members 53and.

front-drum I will result in a corresponding,

movement `of the upper ends of the supporting arms |00 and |0I.

The deiiector D extends entirely across the face of the rear drum I6 andis pivotally supported at opposite ends by lugs |08. The lugs |06 arethreaded through the supporting arms and extend inwardly therefrom toreceive yokes |01 formed on the opposite ends of the deector D.- Endportions |08 are also formed on the deflector-as shown clearest inFigure '1. The rearward edges |09 of the end portions |08 bear againsteccentrics IIO carried on the inner ends of adjusting screws III. Theseadjusting screws extend through the supporting arms |00 and IOI and areprovided with flattened portions on their outer extremities by which theeccentrics ||0 may be rotated for adjusting the upper edge of thedeiiector D with respect to the surface of the rear drum I6. Lock nuts II3 are provided on threaded ends of the adjusting screws for locking theeccentrics IIO in their adjusted positions. i

The grid structure G comprises a plurality of similar curved sectionsII5, each consisting of a seriesvof bars IIB arranged in spaced parallelrelation. The upper ends of the grid 'sections II5 abut against ashoulder II1 provided on the deector D, and are supported by a pluralityof adjusting screws II8, threaded through a portion |I9 formed on thedeector, all of which is shown clearest in Figures 7, 9, and 11. Theadjusting screws I I8 provide means for maintaining the grid sections inalignment with the independently adjustable deficctor D, and saidadjusting screws are provided with lock nuts II9' for securing them intheir adjusted positions. The lower ends of the grid sections II5 areprovided with solid extended portions |20. Said extended portions aresupported on the upper edge of a member |2| which forms one side of ahousing for the pulp severing 'device P hereinafter described in detail.The upper ends of the grid sections II5- are maintained in abutment withthe shouldered portion II1 of the deflectorD by the adjusting screws |22`(Figures '1 and 10). The screws |22 are threaded through the housingmember |2| and bear against the downwardly extending flanges |23 formedon the extended portions |20 of the grid sections II5. The grid sections|I5 are provided with transverse reenforcing ribs |24 and |25. The ribs|25 bear against the upper edge of a member |26, which forms the otherside of the housing for the pulp severing device P. Said ribs |25 areformed with flanges |21 which extend downwardly over the lower edge |28of 'a juice collecting hopper |29 Ahaving an outlet |30. The ends of thehopper |23 are provided with flanged portions I 3| which are secured tothe supporting arms |00 and IOI as by the screws |32. The housing sides|2| and |26 for enclosing the pulp severing device P are also providedwith flanged ends |33 and |34 respectively, whichv are secured to thesupporting arms |00 and IOI by screws |35 and |38. The grid sections'|I5 are retained in clamped relation by screws aaiaoee i severingcutters I4 I.

|31 and |33 carried bythe supporting arms |00 and IIiI. 'Ihe screws |31are-threaded into the supporting arms |00 and IOI as shown clearest inFigures 9 and l0. The heads of saidscrews bear against the ends of thereinforcing ribs |24 of the outermost grid sections II5. for clampingthe upper ends of. the grid section together.`

through the ends of the arms |00 and I0'I andI bear against the ends ofthe solid extended por- 'tions |20 of the outermost grid sections II5.

Obviously the grid sections can be maintained in perfect alignmentthrough the adjustment of the screws |31 and |38. i

The pulp severing device P is best shown in Figures 7, 9 and 10. Itcomprises aplurality of spaced rotary cutters I4I, the cutting edges ofwhich extend between the spaced parallel bars IIB of the grid sectionII5. The cutters \|4| are formed on a number of sleeves |42, which areVin turn xedly mounted on a revoluble shaft |43 as by keys or the like(not shown). The sleeves |42 are held in clamped relation between a pairof retaining nuts |44 which are threaded. onto the ends of the shaft|43. The shaft ends are supported in well known bearing structures suchas |45 and |48, which aremounted on the lower ends of the supportingarms |00 and IOI respectively. I'hat end of the shaft |43 supportedbythe bearing structure |45, extends through said bearing structure andcarries a double V-belt pulley |41. Said pulley is connected to adriving pulley |48 through a pair of V-belts |49. The driving pulley isin turn carried on the drive shaft |50 of a motor I5I, which is -mountedon the underside of the juice collecting hopper |29 as by the bolts |52(Figure l) The driving motor |5I may be connected with any suitableelectrical source (not shown).

After the fruit has been initially `compressed between the revolubledrums I5 and I8, it. is deflected by the deflector D onto the gridsections I5, with its severed surfaces adjacent said grid sections. Theaction of the grid sections upon the fruit as it is moved thereover isbest illustrated in the diagrammatic view, Figure 14. Due to theconvergent relationship between the grid sections |I5 and the peripheryof the drum I5, it will be obvious how the fruit will gradually becompressed as it is conveyed by the engagement of its oil bearing rindwith the drum I5 and the circumferentially arranged pins 43. It willalso be obvious how the juice bearing pulp of the fruit will begradually forced between the 'grid bars I|5 as the fruit is moveddownwardly A over the grid sections. By the time the fruit reaches thepulp severing device P, the juice bearing pulp is forced completely intothe grid sections, and the revoluble cutters I4I sever the pulp fromthel pectin bearing materialV as the fruit' v moves thereover. Figure 15illustrates the pulp severing operation..being performed upon the fruitas it moves past the revoluble cutters I4I. The juice bearing pulpuponbeing severed,A drops into a trough |53, which is secured to the sides|2| and |26 forming the housing for the pulp The bottom of the trough|53 is inclined and is provided with an outlet |54 through which thejuice bearing pulp is discharged into any suitable receptacle (notshown).

The juice forced from the pulp during the charged through the hopperoutlet |30 to any suitable? receptacle (not shown). Any juice adheringto the surface of the rear drum I due to the initial compressingoperation, is thrown into the shield |50 which partially surrounds therear drum I0. 'I'he juice collected by the shield is discharged into.the pulp collecting vtrough |03 through 'a conduit |00. The lower endof the shield |00 is riveted to the Juice collecting hopper -pulprecovered fromv the fruit with thev inner pectin bearing lining. This isprevented by maintaining the lower end of the grid structure a sufilthepectin bearing lining of the fruit from being forced onto the revolublecutters 0|. Thelldiscient distance from the front drum |0 topreventtance between the drinn |0 and the grid sections ||0 at the pulpsevering position should be substantially equal to the combinedthickness of the pectin bearing lining and -the outer oil bearing rindof the particular grade of fruit being run through the machine.

I'he combined thickness of the oil 'bearing rind .and the pectin bearinglining varies appreciably for diilerent grades of fruiti In order toinsure the proper application of pressure upon the fruit as it passesover'the cutters |0|, I provide means for adjusting the lower end of thegrid structure to'and from the surface of the drum I0. This isaccomplished by adjustably supporting the lower ends of the arms |00 and|0| upon which the grid structure is mounted. The lower ends of the arms|00 and |0| vare supported by link members |00 shown clearest in Figures1, 2 and ',I. 'Ihe upper ends 'of the links |00 are pivotally.

secured to the supporting arms |00 and |0| through bolts |0i. 'I'helower ends of said links `are provided with a pair of collars |02 bywhich they are pivotally supported on a rod |03. The

v |00 and are secured thereto byn'uts |00.

rod ends are supported by traveling memb'lehrs e traveling members. |00are'threaded onto adjusting screws |00 and are movable thereon inresponse to a rotative movement of said screws. The ends of theadjusting screws |00 are supported by bearings |01 mounted on the innersides of the supporting pedestals I0 and i, The

rearward ends of the adjusting screws extend.

through their bearing supports and carry beveled gears, |00 whichv meshwith a corresponding set of beled gears |00 carried on a rod |10..v Theends of the rod |10 are in turn supported by bearings |1| mounted on therearward edges of the supporting pedestals, andsaid rod carries-a handwheel |12 on one end by which the adjusting mechanismvmay be operated.Upon rotating the hand wheel, the adjusting screws |00 arerotated andthe-.traveling members |00 are moved there-V along. Obviously, the`links |00 will eifect a ro- I tative movement of the supporting arms|00 and |0| about the bearing eccentrics 00 to which their upper endsare :pivotally connected. -It will further be obvious h ow the gridstructure which is mounted onrsaidarms, 4may be readily adjusted withrespect to the surface of the front drum |0.

Fiirtherm '.tharms Ill und vIIVI together with -collars |0|. The ends ofthe shaft |00 are-supthe grid structure and other members supportedthereon, may be moved downwardlygcompletely away from the drum |0 tofacilitate the cleaning of the various parts.

After Ythe pulp severing `operation has been sv Aspect to the cylinder|13 in a manner heretofore 15 described, for ensuring the properapplication of pressure upon the rind as it engages said cylinder. Theembedded pectin bearing lining of the fruit togetherl with the outer oilbearing rind, are deflected from engagement with the drum I0 by a bladeformed on the oil collecting trough |10, and are rotated with thegrooved cylinder. The diagrammatic view Figure 16 shows the pectinbearing lining within the grooves |10 of the cylinder |13, and alsoshows the oil bearing rind projecting above the outer surface of saidcylinder. As the rind portions of the fruit are rotated upon the groovedcylinder |13, they are restrained against removal by the curved bottom|11 of the oil collecting trough |10, shown clearest in Figure '1. Theouter oil bearing rind of the fruit is severed from the pectin bearingsubstance embedded within the-'grooved cylinder |13, by a reciprocatingsevering devichereinafter described in detail. Subsequent to thesevering operation, the pectin bearing substance is removed from thegrooves of vthe cylinder |13 in a manner also hereinafter fullydescribed.

'I'he grooved cylinder |13 is hollow and is formed with Va number ofsupporting members |10 by which it is mounted on the shaft |00. The

Y supporting members |10 are splined to the shaft |00 by keys |02(Figure 9), and thecylinder is retained in position by a pair ofretaining ported in bearing structures |00 and |00, which are mounted onthe inner faces of the supporting pedestals |0 and-II respectively. Thebearings |00 and |00 are provided with exterior flanges |00 by whichthey are secured tothe pedestal's 50 as by the screwsv |01. That end ofthe shaft |00 supported bythe bearing structure |00, extends throughsaid bearing into the housing 02 provided in the supporting pedestal andmarries vthe sprocket |00, which is driven in a manner herein- 00 afterdescribed, for effecting the rotation ofthe grooved cylinder |13. l v

Some of the oil bearing cells of the :outer rind are broken as the fruitis compressed against the grid structure during-the course of itstravel. 00 However, this oil is sealed-'between the outer oil bearingrind and the surface of the revoluble drum I0, and is restrained frommixing with'the 'juice and pulp. When the rinds are deflected' onto thegrooved cylinder |13, thevliberated oil 65 adheres to the. surface ofthe drum I0 is carried upwardly by attraction. 'Ihe oil is removed fromthe surface oi' the drum |0 by a yieldable `wiper |00 and drops into the'oilcollectin'g 'trough |10.` The wiper |09 is held between the clampingstrips 10 |00 and |0| as by screws |02, and the clamping member |0|-issecured to a-'series of supports |02' as by the screws |00 (Figures 7and 0).' The supports. |02' .are threaded into lugs |00 formed on the'bottom' |11 of the oil n' collecting trough |16. Theetrough |16 issupoil bearing rind from the pectin bearing material embedded in thegrooved cylinder, comprises a knife consistingof a series of blades |98,which are arranged in axial alignment with respect to the groovedcylinder |13 and which bear thereagainst as shown clearest -in Figuresl'7 and 9. 'I'he Iknife blades |98 are lsecured to 4blade supports |99as by the clamping strips 200, and screws 20|, which extend through theclamping strips and are threaded into the supports |99 (Figure 7). Theblade supports |99 are formed with split clamping rings 202, whichsurround a tubular knife support y203, and are clampled thereto by thescrews 204. The tubular knife support 203 carries' extended end members205 and 206, which are slidably supported in bearing structures 201 and208, respectively. 'I'he bearing structures 201 and 208 are mounted onthe brackets |95 and -'|96 formed on the bearing |84 and |85 supportingthe cylinder shaft |80. Said bearing supports are secured to thesupporting brackets by screws 2||. The

ltubular knife support 203 and its extended end members 205 and 206, arerestrained against rotation by the guide pins 2|2 and 2|3, vand themembers 2|4 and 2|5 which connect said guide pins with the extendedmembers 205 and 206 (Figure 9). The interconnecting members 2|4 and 2|5are formed with split clamping `rings by which they are secured to theextended members 205 and 206, and the guide pins are slidably supportedby the bearing supports 201 and- 208.

The severing operation of the oil bearing rind is facilitated byreciprocating the knife blades |98 in an axial direction with respecttothe grooved cylinder |13. The means `employed for Aeffecting thisreciprocative movement ofthe blades |98 is best shown in Figures 2, 3,6, and 9. The end of the shaft |80 supported by the bearing structure|84, extends through said bearing structure into a housing 2|8 formed onthe supporting pedestal |0. It carries a pair of spaced cam members 2|9and 220, which provide ad jacent cam faces 222. The front of the housing2|8 is provided with an opening 225 over which a bearing box 2261smounted as by the screws 221. Bearings 228 and 229 are provided onopposite sides of the bearing box. The corresponding bearings on eachside are arranged in alignment and accommodate rods 230 and 23| whichare slidably supported therein. A member 232 connects the innermost endsof the sliding rods 230 and' 23| with the outermost end of the member205 extending from the tubular knife support 203, all of which is shownclearly in Figures 2, 4 and 9.

The sliding rods 230 and 23| are interconnected with the revolublecylinder shaft |80 through the frictional engagement of the cam faces222 with a frustro-conical roller 235 carried by a member 236, whichbridges the rods 230 and 23| asushown clearest in Figure 6. 'I'heconnecting4 member 236 is secured to the sliding rods by set screws 238and carriesa spindle 239 upon which the frustro-conical roller 235 isrevolubly' mounted. The cam faces 222 are of such form that theirrotative engagement with the conical roller 235v imparts to said rollera reciprocative motion. Obviously, said reciprocative motion istransmitted to the severing blades |98 through the variousinterconnections heretofore described. It will further be obvious how areciprocation o f said blades facilitates in the removal of the oilbearing rind from the pectin bearing lining contained within the groovedcylinder |13. The diagrammatic view Figure 17 shows the pectin bearingmaterial embedded in the grooved cylinder |13 and the outer oil bearingrind in the process of being removed by the reciprocative severingblades heretofore described.

After the outer` oil bearing rind has been removed, the pectin bearingmaterial is removed from the grooves |14 of the cylinder |13 vby a 246are mounted on a supporting bar 248 by screws 249, and said supportingbar 248 is secured at opposite ends to the bearing brackets |95 and |96as by screws 250 (Figure 2). 'Ihe diagrammatic view Figure 18illustrates the pectin bearing substance in the process of being removedfrom the grooved cylinder |13 by the combs 246. Y

Both the pectin bearing lining and the oil bearing rind may bedischarged onto any suitable conveying device and carried from themachine for further treatment. A device inthe form of a conveyer belt25| is shownin Figure 1 for accomplishing this purpose. The pectinbearing substance drops onto the inner side of the belt and the oilbearing rind drops onto the outer side, there being a centralpartition252 for preall interconnected with the driving sprocket 255 on the motorshaft through an endless chain 256. 'Ihe chain is driven in a directionindicated by the arrows in Figure 3, and passes from the drivingsprocket 255 upwardly over a small idler sprocket 251 and around therear drum sprocket .63. It passes from the rear drum sprocket 63 overanother small idler sprocket 258, and downwardly beneath thesprocket |88of the grooved cylinder shaft |80. From the sprocket |88 the chainpasses over the top of the front drum sprocket 96 and extends downwardlyand around the driving sprocket 255. 'I'he rear drum sprocket 63 issomewhat smaller than the front drum sprocket 96, and the rear drum I6is accordinglyv driven somewhat faster than the front druml |5.

p The purpose of this dierential Aspeed is to force the forward edges ofthe fruit downwardly as it enters between the drums, so that it will bemoved onto the grid structure with its severed surfaces facing the same,all of which has heretofore been described.

Ihe shaft 20 for supporting the rotary fruit severing knives I4, isdriven from the rear drum shaft 46 through-a chain and sprocket drivewhich has heretofore been described in detail. The speed of theapparatus may be varied by the hand wheel 259 of the variable speeddriving unit M. Figure 1 shows the hand wheel, which is conven` ientlylocated adjacent the outer face of the supporting pedestal |0.

citrus fruit. It comprises a pair of rotary drums 266 and 26|, betweenwhich the fruit is fed onto a perforated plate 262, The contact of thefront drum 260 with the oil bearing rind serves to convey the fruit overthe perforated plate 262, the severed surfaces of the fruit beingpositioned adjacent said l prising, severing the fruit into sections,arrangplate. 'Ihe perforated plate 262 is curved and converges towardthe drum 260 for gradually -effecting acompressingA action upon thefruit during its downward movement. Said -plate is mounted upon asupporting structure 262 similar to the grid structure provided in theform of the invention heretofore described.

. The supporting structure may be mounted between a pair of adjustablearms similarto those y. shown in the form already described, so as topermit the adjustment of the perforated plate 262 with respect to` thefront drum 266. The upper end of the supporting structure is provided atopposite sides with yoke members -266 which are supported by lugs 266extending inwardly from theadjustable supporting arms. The lower end ofthe structure 266 is supported on the juice collecting hopper 266, whichis also mounted between the adjustable supporting arms.

As the fruit is conveyed downwardly over the perforated plate 262 it isgradually compressed. The juice is forced through the perforations ofthe plate 262 and drops into the hopper 266, from which it is dischargedthrough the hopper outlet TheA 261 to any suitable receptacle (notshown) upper end of the perforated plate 262 may be adjusted withrespect to the drum 260 through eccentric members 216. l

vFigures 19 and 20 illustrate still another form of the invention.

veyed overa horizontally disposed grid structure 266 bythe engagement ofan endless belt 269 with the oil 'bearing rind of the fruit. Said beltmay be provided with a' roughened surface or a series -of vsmallprojecting points for facilitating the movement of the fruit over thegrid structure.

The belt passes around a pair v,of revoluble drums 216 and 21|, aportion 4of which is disposed in spaced convergent relation withrespectto the grid structure 266. The fruit is 'fed past `one or `morerotary knives 213, which sever the fruit into halves. The halves aredirected between the endless belt 266 and a member 216, so that the oilbearing rind of the fruit is 'engaged by the belt l and carrieddownwardly onto thegrid structure 266. The gridstructure comprises aseries of bars 216 arrangedin spaced parallel relation'longitudi-` nallyof the belt 266. The belt passes beneath a l. series of rollers 216, andas the fruit is conveyed bars 216 and sever vthel pulp from the rind.The pulp dropsinto a trough 216, which also receives lalong the gridstructure it is gradually compressed thereagainst yand the `pulp isforced between the spaced bars 216 as shown in Figure 20. The com#pressed fruit is moved over a series of rotary cutters 211, whichenter-,the spaces between the grid the juice forced from the fruitduring its movement over the grid structure 266. 'l y I claim: f A

l. Themethod of treating citrus fruit comprising, severing thefruitfinto sections,l arranging. the

sections so that the pulp portion of each of the sections faces 'in thesame direction relative to the rind,'simultaneously applying pressure to'the inne'randfouter rind surfaces thereby flattening said rind whilemaintaining the .juice-bearing u pulp in .substantially uncompressedcondition In this form the fruit is conand adhering to the rind,lsevering the pulp from land maintaining said rinds in flattenedAcondition under pressure while eifecting a separation between the innerand outer rind constituents.

2. 'Ihe method of treating citrus fruit coming the sections so that thepulp portion of each ofthe sections faces in the .same direction,simultaneously applying pressureto the inner and outer rind surfacesthereby flattening said rind and breaking oil cells in said outer rindwhile substantially confining oil within the area of the rind underpressure and while maintaining the juice bearing pulp in substantiallyuncompressed condition adhering to the rind, severing the pulp. from therind while said rind is .in flattened condition and while the outersurface thereof is under pressure substantially throughout its area,withdrawing the pressure from the outer rind exposing the released oils,and collecting said rind oils. a

3. The process of treating sectional citrus fruit rind portions topressure throughout the area thereof t'o .transform the arcuate'rindportion into a flattened condition dispersing the pulpy mass leaving thesame substantially in unilattened condition and adhering to the rindwhile substantially confining oil in said rind against escape from thearea of the'rind under pressure, separating the pulp from the rind,withdrawing the pressure'on the rind exposing the liberated rind oils,and finally collecting said oils.

4. A machine for treating citrus fruit includin g a pair of opposedmembers defining a converging space 'for the passage of sectional fruitto effect a gradual defor ation thereof, one. of saidv members providingplurality of spaces in communication with said passage in the regionmembers being so spaced lin said region as to maintain substantially theentire rind under pressure and in substantially flattened condition withsubstantially all the .pulpy portion projectingjinto said spaces andadhering to the rind, means in said spaces for removing the adheringpulpy portion'from the rind, means for maintaining the rind inflattened'and compressed condition subsequent to removal of said pulp, and meansfor eecting separationA between the inner and outerrportions of therind.'

5. A machine for treating citrus fruit including a pair of opposedmembers defining a converging space for the passage ofsectional fruit toeffect a gradual deformation thereof, one of said members providing aplurality of spaces in 'communication with said passage in the region ofits vin substantially flattened condition with sub stantially all thepulpy portion projecting into vsaid spaces 'and adhering -to the rind,means for effecting'separationbetween the pulp and rind in said region,means for maintaining the rind in attened andcompressed conditionsubsequent to its separation from the pulp, meansproviding spaces forthe reception ofthe inner portion of the rind, said means beingcooperative with one of said members for forcing said rind portion into4possessing arcuate rind and normal adhering'- pulp portions, whichcomprises/subjecting they vsaid spaces, and means for effectingseparation Aaina'pee between the rind portion within said spaces and therind portion exteriorly'of said spaces.

6. A machine'for separating constituents of fruit, comprising arevoluble pressure member, a member defining a convergent passage withsaid pressure member for deforming cut fruit therebetween, mea'nsincluding a second revoluble member adjacent said first-mentionedpressure member in the vicinity of the inlet end of said convergentpassa g'e, said revoluble members being spaced apart to receive andsimultaneously engage said fruit to positively direct it toward theinlet end of said'passage, means for rotating said revoluble members atdiierent peripheral speeds to ensure proper positioning of the fruit asit enters said passage, and means for adjusting the space between saidrevoluble pressure membersA whereby to permit reception of fruits ofvarious sizes therebetween, the second revoluble memsecond pressuremember defining a convergent gage said fruit, means on said secondrotatable drum adapted to slit the leading edges of the fruit tocondition it for entrance into said convergent lpassage, and means forrotating said second drum at a faster peripheral. speed than saidpressure drum to obtain said slitting and to ensure proper positioningof the fruit as it enters said passage.

8. A machine for separating constituents o fruit, comprising a rotatablepressure drum, a

passage with said drum for deforming cut fruit therebetween, a secondrotatable drum adjacent said pressure-drum in the vicinity of the-in1etend of said convergent passage, said drums being spaced apart to receiveand simultaneously engage said fruit, means onl said second rotatabledrum adapted to slit the leading edges of the fruit to condition it` forentrance into said convergent passage, means for rotating said seconddrum at a faster peripheral speed than said presvsure drum to obtainsaid slitting and to ensure proper positioning of the fruit as=it enterssaid passage, means cooperablewith said pressure drum for effectingseparation between the pulp and rind portions of said fruit, and meansfor supporting said last-mentioned means for movement about the axis ofsaid second rotatable drum to adjust the position of said means withrespect to said pressure drum. f

9. The process of treating cut citrus1 fruits,

Awhich comprises ygradually attening the fruit by pressure between therind and outer face,4- a subf stantial portion of the juice beingremoved during said gradual iiattening, then removing the juieebearingpulp while the -fruit is in its flattened condition underpressure, maintaining said fruit in said .flattened and compressedcondition after removal of said pulp. and then'etfecting separa- I tionbetween the inner and outer rindportions of the fruit. l

10. In apparatus of the character described,

means for gradually flattening cut citrus fruits and during suchflattening extracting a substantial portion'of the juice, means forremoving the pulp from the fruits while in flattened condition, meansfor maintaining said fruit in said attened and compressed conditionafter removal of the pulp, and means for subsequently effectingyseparation between the inner and outer rind portions while the fruitcondition.

is maintained in flattened 11. In an apparatus-for treating cut citrus"Vfruits, means for simultaneously flattening ,said

fruits gradually againstthe cut surface and for moving the fruit, asubstantial portion of the juice being removed during the flatteningmovement, a pulp-removing means operating on the fruit during movementof the fruit, means for maintaining said fruit in said flattenedcondition after removal of the pulp, and means for subsequently eiectingseparation between the inner and outer rind portions while maintaining'said fruitin continued attened condition.

12. The process of treating citrus fruits, which consists in initiallymoving a substantially half section of fruit into a gradually convergingpassage and during such movement slitting edge portionsonly of the rindto condition said sections to assume and maintain a predeterminedposition throughout a treating zone and beginning with entrance ofl thesections into the passage and'during its`travel therethrough extracting'asubstantial portion of the juice through one side of said passge whilegradually iiattening the rind by pressure leaving 'the pulp insubstantially uncompressed condition, and next removing the pulp fromthe rind through the same side or' .the-passage 'that the juice isextracted while the rind is still in a iiattened condition underpressure. Y

13. The process of treating bcitrus fruits, which consists in moving asubstantially half-section of fruit into a gradually converging passageengaging the cut side of the fruit at spaced points only during itstravel througn said passage and beginning with entrancev thereinto andduring its travel therethrough extracting a substantial portion of thejuice through one side of said passage while gradually flattening therind by pressure leaving the pulp in substantially uncompressedcondition, and next removing the pulp from the rind through the sameside of the passage that the juice is extracted while the rind is stillin Aa flattened condition under pressure.

14. The process of treating citrus fruitswhich consists in moving asubstantially half section of fruit into a gradually converging passageand beginning with entrance thereinto and during its travel therethroughextracting a substantial portion of the juice Awhile gradually atteningthe rind by pressure leaving the pulp in substantially uncompressedcondition, next removing the pulp from the rind while the rind is stillin a flattened condition underpressure, and nally separating the innerand outer -rind portions while still under pressure.

15. The process of treating citrus fruits, which consists in moving asubstantially half-section of fruit into a gradually-converging passageand beginningwith its entrance thereinto and during l its traveltherethrough extracting a substantial portion of the juice whilegradually flattening the rind by pressure and breaking the oil cellsleaving oil being maintained in the cells due to the pressure andiiattened condition 4of the rind, then the pulp in substantiallyuncompressed condition,

I and then releasing the pressure to release the rind oils fromthecells.

16,'The process of treating citrus fruits, which consists in moving asubstantially half-section of fruit into a gradualy converging passagean/d beginningwith entrance thereinto and during its travel therethroughextracting a substantial portion of the juice while gradualy atteing therind by pressure and breaking the oilclls leaving the pulp insubstantially uncompressed condition, oil being maintained in the'cellsdue to the pressure and flattened condition of theA rind,

then removing the pulp from the rind while the' rind is still in itsflattened condition under pressure, then releasing/the pressure torelease the rind oils'rom .the cells, and finally separating.

the inner andLO'uter rind portions.

17. A'machine of the'character described for treating "cut citrus fruitincluding a gradually converging passage of substantial length adaptedfor' the purpose of extracting juice, means for moving a-section of thefruit into and through the passage and beginning with its entrancethereinto and during itstravel therethrough extracting a substantialportion of the juice, said mov- Y ing means constituting one,ace of thepassage,

the opposite face of the passage including a grid positioned tocooperate with the moving means for attening the rind by pressurebetween the grid and moving means leaving the pulp in substantiallyuncompressed condition, and means adjacent the discharge end of-the gridfor removing the pulp from the rind While the rind is still in itsllattened condition under pressure.

18. A machine of the character described for treating cut citrusfruit-including a gradually pulp in substantially uncompressedcondition,

for moving a section of fruitinto and through the passage and beginningwith entrance thereinto and during its travel therethrough extracting asubstantial portion of the juice, saidY moving means constituting oneface of the passage, the opposite face of the passage including a gridpositioned to cooperate with the moving means for attening the rind bypressure between the grid and moving means and breaking the oil cells ofthe rind leaving the pulp in l substantially uncompressed condition, oilbeing maintained in the cells due to the pressure and flattenedcondition of the rind, means for re-l f and means for relieving thepressure to release th'e rind oils from the cells.

20. A machine of the character described forA treating cut citrus fruitincluding a gradually converging passage of substantial length adaptedfor the purpose of extracting juice, means for moving a section of fruitinto and through the passage and beginning with entrance thereinto andduring its travel therethrough extracting a substantial portion of thejuice, said moving means constituting one face of the passage, theopposite face of the passage including a grid positioned to cooperatewith the moving means for flattening the rind by pressure between thegrid and moving means and breaking the oil cells of the rind leaving thepulp in substantially -uncompressed condition, oil being maintained inthe cells due to the pressure and ilattened condition of the rind, meansfor removing the pulp from the rind While the rind is still in itsflattened condition under pressure, means for relieving the pressure torelease rind oils from the cells, and means for separating the inner andouter rind portions.

